Integrated plant conservation combines in situ and ex situ conservation approaches to support species survival. A system wide approach to managing zoo collections for. The integration of in situ and ex situ conservation planning ensures that, whenever appropriate, ex situ conservation is used to support. The interests of the indigenous people are also protected. Global strategy for the ex situ conservation of potato date. Management and conservation of captive tigers, chapter 8. Development of co ordinated in situ and ex situ uk farm. Iucn species survival commission guidelines on the use of ex situ management for species conservation pdf. Zoological institutions contribute directly to threatened species conservation through paradigms, such as reintroduction, headstarting, supplementation, or rescuerehabilitationrelease. Ex situ conservation methods forest genetic resources. The global plan of action for animal genetic resources, adopted in 2007, is the first internationally agreed framework for the management of biodiversity in the livestock sector.
Its primary focus is upon maintaining the health of the natural world, its fisheries, habitats, and biological diversity. Ex situ conservation strategies flashcards quizlet. Botanical gardens, and zoos are the most conventional methods of exsitu conservation. Ex situ conservation provides less mobility to the organisms due to relatively smaller habitat or area than the in situ. Conservation of biodiversity protecting the loss of biodiversity.
In order to ensure the maintenance of biodiversity, there is a need to employ complementary in situ and ex situ conservation. Pdf technologies and strategies for ex situ conservation. A global aquarium strategy for conservation and sustainability. Ex situ off site conservation is a set of conservation techniques involving the transfer of a target species away from its native habitat. Ex situ conservation of biodiversity involves the breeding and maintenance of endangered species in artificial ecosystems such as zoos, nurseries, botanical gardens, gene banks, etc. Tiger global conservation strategy gcs is a strategy for the management of tigers at the international level that links in situ and ex situ conservation activities for the recovery andor longterm maintenance of captive and wild populations. In situ conservation of genetic resources a species or a population sample of a particular part of its genetic variation can be maintained through in situ or ex situ conservation. Trends in ex situ conservation of plant genetic resources. Prepare a ten minute presentation to describe how the survival of one plant or one animal observed is being assisted by exsitu conservation strategies. Zoos are considerably more expensive to operate than many other conservation programs, and protecting individual species in this setting simply is not cost effective as a single strategy. Article 8 of the convention on biological diversity cbd specifies in situ conservation as the primary conservation strategy, and states that ex situ measures should play a supportive role to reach conservation targets in situ conservation aims to enable biodiversity to maintain itself within. These efforts may include data collection, longterm ex situ population management, or in situ conservation programmes that result in reintroduction to the wild. Ex situ conservation an overview sciencedirect topics.
In situ conservation of genetic resources managing. Ex situ conservation strategies study guide by mbrooke42 includes 23 questions covering vocabulary, terms and more. Application to the endangered androcymbium gramineum. There is an increasing need for a one plan approach for conservation strategies that integrate in situ and ex situ management processes. Describe the cost limitation of ex situ conservation strategies. In situ conservation is one of two basic conservation strategies, alongside ex situ conservation. Global strategy for the ex situ conservation of potato. National parks, sacred forests, lakes, marine parks, biosphere reserves, gene sanctuaries.
Guidelines on the preparation of national strategies and action plans for animal genetic resources were. Ex situ conservation strategies for threatened species often require long. Ex situ conservation is the preservation of components of biological diversity outside their natural habitats. Also in ex situ conservation, all of which house whole, protected specimens for breeding and reintroduction into the wild when necessary and possible. In situ conservation provides the required green cover and its associated benefits to our environment. Gk, general studies, optional notes for upsc, ias, banking, civil services. Iucn guidelines for determining when and how ex situ. Ex situ conservation literally means, offsite conservation. Quizlet flashcards, activities and games help you improve your grades. Ex situ conservation is the widely used method to conserve millet genetic resources. These guidelines are intended to be used in situations in which ex situ management is.
Conservation and sustainable use of medicinal plants. Conservation and the world zoo conservation strategy, along with other guidelines. Iucn species survival commission guidelines on the use of. In situ and ex situ conservation linkedin slideshare. The objective of this document is to provide a framework for the efficient and effective ex situ conservation of the globally important collections of potato. Not all species will require an ex situ component as part of their conservation strategy, and not all ex situ. Skmppa introduction conservation of genetic resources is performed ex situ when populations, individuals or reproductive material are maintained outside their original growth environment ex situ conservation in plants is usually applied in welldefined situations fao 1989. Regional strategy for the ex situ conservation of plant. In situ conservation vs ex situ conservation javatpoint. This in situ ex situ integration necessitates collaboration at. There are mainly two strategies for the conservation of wildlife. Historically, insitu conservation was the preferred biodiversity conservation approach over exsitu conservation 10. In situ conservation protects species in their native habitat, while ex situ conservation ensures plant material is available for research, horticulture, and education activities that ultimately support reintroduction efforts, to. Currently, a number of stakeholdersactors are actively working on biodiversity conservation through ex situ conservation strategies by.
The techniques for ex situ conservation used today include seed. Pdf designing exsitu conservation strategies through. Designing ex situ conservation strategies through the assessment of neutral genetic markers. This document represents the first version of a global conservation strategy gcs originally termed. A compiled rmarkdown pdf including code and commentary is provided as supplementary code. We present a framework that considers the decision to adopt ex situ management for a target species as the end point of several linked decisions. The conservation of biodiversity is achieved by two approaches in situ and ex situ. Exsitu off site conservation is a set of conservation techniques involving the transfer of a target species away from its native habitat. During the long period 3 billion years since the origin and diversification of life on earth, there were five episodes of mass extinction of species. Describe the role of zoo, aquaria, botanical garden, arboreta and seed bank in conservation and give example for each. Difference between in situ and ex situ conservation.
Iucn species survival commission guidelines on the use of ex situ. In situ conservation is the onsite conservation of genetic resources in natural populations of plants or animal species such as forest genetic resources, in natural populations of tree and animal species. The objective of this strategy is to provide a framework for the efficient and effective ex situ conservation of the most important crop diversity collections in the eastern africa region, and to promote the availability of these plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. In many senses this is a direct result of the world zoo and aquarium conservation strategy, which was spearheaded by the world association of zoos and aquariums waza in 2005. Moreover, ex situ conservation should be considered as a tool to. Loss of biodiversity the iucn red list 2004 documents the extinction of 784 species in the last 500 years. In situ and ex situ conservation of commercial tropical trees itto.
The major genebanks conserving proso, barnyard, kodo, and little millets are presented in table 8. Particularly with respect to large animals, ex situ conservation is not cheap. Management of germplasm collections and genebanks 101 a. This chapter explores ex situ conservation techniques, particularly. Biodiversity encompasses variety and variability of all forms of life on earth that play a great role in human existence. They are the most publicly visited ex situ conservation sites, with the wzcs world zoo conservation strategy. Ex situ conservation is the oldest conservation strategy targeted to preserve seeds or other propagative materials in a place separated from the environment of origin such as botanical gardens or genebanks.
Biodiversity conservation different methods and strategies. Both in situ and ex situ methods of biodiversity conservation are equally important. Techniques for ex situ plant conservation the material in field gene banks is alw ays readily available for characterization, evaluation, utilization, and research, whereas germ. Conservation breeding programmes are typically managed by regional associations, which have established special committees taxon advisory groups, or tags to oversee the work. Planning for ex situ conservation in the face of uncertainty. Ex situ conservation of plant genetic resources 14 iv. Difference between in situ and exsitu conservation. Exsitu conservation is the preservation of components of biological diversity outside their natural habitats. Background on the development of the global strategy for.
Iucn ssc guidelines for the use of ex situ management for species conservation 2014. There is also a need to prioritize ecosystems, species and populations for conservation. Pdf trends in ex situ conservation of plant genetic. In situ conservation means the conservation of ecosystems and natural habitats and the maintenance and recovery of viable populations of species in their natural surround. It is one of two basic conservation strategies, alongside in situ conservation. July 2006 disclaimer this document has been developed by the crop experts. This has been elaborated in a number of plans and programmes in which has been added the concept of onfarm or ingarden conservation see, for example, priority activity area 2 of the global plan of action fao, 1996.
In situ conservation is the preservation of species and populations of living organisms in a natural state in. Seed gene banks make the easiest way to store germplasm of wild and cultivated plants at low temperature. The finger millet strategy was initiated in december, 2009 and discussions took place. Globally 29,000 accessions of proso millet, 8,000 accessions each of barnyard and kodo millets, and 3,000 accessions of little millet have been assembled and conserved fig. Best practices for in situ conservation of economically. Some examples of recent extinctions include the three subspecies bali, javan, caspian of tiger. Pdf ex situ conservation of biodiversity with particular emphasis. Ex situ conservation of biodiversity with particular.
General considerations and scope both in situ and ex situ actions can have potential bene. Its conservation embraces maintenance, sustainable utilization, and restoration, of the lost and degraded biodiversity through two basic and complementary strategies called in situ and ex situ. It is one of two basic conservation strategies, alongside insitu conservation. Ex situ conservation planning is more complicated than.
The process of protecting an endangered plant or animal species in its. It is the process of protecting an endangered species, variety or breed, of plant or animal outside its natural habitat. This involves conservation of genetic resources, as well as wild and cultivated or species, and draws on a diverse body of. The ex situ conservation strategies include botanical gardens, zoological gardens. Ex situ conservation is the technique of conservation of all levels of. Ex situ conservation techniques are in particular appropriate for the conservation of crops and their wild relatives, while in situ conservation is especially appropriate for wild species and for. Chapter 14 ex situ conservation strategies flashcards. Principles of in situ and ex situ conservation of biodiversity. Iucn technical guidelines on the management of exsitu. There is less competition for food, water and space among the organisms. This involves conservation of genetic resources, as well as wild and cultivated or species, and draws on a diverse body of techniques and facilities. The pearl millet strategy was initiated in december, 2009 and discussions took place with.
Insitu measures are perceived as more holistic in their approach and allow the conservation of processes or habitats which cant be protected through exsitu measures e. Stages in the ex situ conservation of plant genetic resources 18 a. It calls for the development of technical guidelines to support countries in their implementation efforts. It is now recognized that ex situ techniques can be efficiently used to complement in situ methods, and they may represent the only option for conserving certain highly endangered and rare.
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